Figure 1 (below) visualises the basic setup, in which the lens reconstructs the scattered light into an image, which happens in a light-sensitive area between the lens and the sensor. The parameters that impact the image are the lens radii, the distances between the lenses, the working distance and the distance between the lens and the sensor (Greivenkamp 2004).
As we see from Figure 1, the lens reconstructs the scattered light into an image captured with a sensor. The sensor’s photosensitive pixel area captures an optical image formed through a lens. The object size, lens properties such as focal length, lens radii and the distance between the object, lens and sensor are examples of optical parameters that affect the captured image. The image circle is formed when a light strikes a perpendicular target, i.e., the sensor, which forms a circle of light.
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References
Greivenkamp, John, E. 2004. Field Guide to Geometrical Optics, Vol. FG01. SPIE, https://doi.org/10.1117/3.547461.